What is the primary role of substations in the electrical system?

The primary role of substations in the electrical system is to transform and distribute electricity. Substations serve as integral points within the power network where voltage levels are modified to enhance the efficiency of electricity transmission and ultimately deliver power to consumers at usable voltage levels.

In essence, they step down high transmission voltages to lower levels suitable for distribution to homes and businesses. Conversely, they can also step up voltages for efficient long-distance transmission of electricity. This transformation process is crucial because it reduces energy loss over distances and allows power to be safely and effectively distributed throughout the electrical grid.

Substations also incorporate various equipment such as transformers, circuit breakers, and switches, which help manage the flow of electricity and ensure reliable service. This transformation and distribution ensure that electricity is available where and when it is needed while maintaining safety standards.