What is the role of a transformer in a substation?

The function of a transformer in a substation is primarily to change voltage levels to optimize the transmission of electrical power. This adjustment is crucial for efficient energy distribution. High voltage levels are advantageous for long-distance transmission, as they reduce losses due to resistance in the power lines. Conversely, transformers can step down the voltage to a lower level suitable for local distribution to homes and businesses. By performing this role, transformers ensure that the electrical system operates effectively, maintaining the balance between supply and demand while minimizing energy loss. This voltage management is key to reliable power delivery in the grid system.

Other options address different equipment or functions not directly related to the primary purpose of transformers. For instance, while cleaning and filtering electrical current is important for power quality, it is not the function of a transformer. Converting alternating current to direct current pertains to rectifiers or converters, rather than transformers. Storing energy is a role associated with batteries or capacitors, which are distinct from transformers. Understanding these differences highlights the significant role transformers play in the electrical network.